GEOS-5

GEOS-5 Configuration for GloPac

Revision as of 18:56, 25 March 2010 by Peter.colarco (talk | contribs) (→GEOS-5 Customization for GloPac)

The Global Hawk Pacific Mission (GloPac) will take place during the Spring and Summer of 2009. Proposed flights of the Global Hawk for the Global Hawk Pacific Mission (GloPac) are to be conducted in support of the Aura Validation Experiment (AVE). This mission will take place out of Dryden Flight Research Center and is expected to encompass the entire offshore Pacific region with four to five 30 hour flights. The flights are designed to address various science objectives:

  1. Calidation and scientific collaboration with NASA earth-monitoring satellite missions, principally the Aura satellite,
  2. Observations of stratospheric trace gases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from the mid-latitudes into the tropics,
  3. Sampling of polar stratospheric air and the break-up fragments of the air that move into the mid-latitudes,
  4. Measurements of dust, smoke, and pollution that cross the Pacific from Asia and Siberia,
  5. Measurements of streamers of moist air from the central tropical Pacific that move onto the West Coast of the United States (atmospheric rivers).

This is a working document defining the main attributes of the GEOS-5 system that will be deployed in real-time in support of GloPac.

The GloPac Forecasting Support at GSFC page will provide access to the main data products and web services.

To Do List

Recent System Configuration Updates

  • 2 April 2009: created this wikipage based on the ARCTAS wikipage.
  • 6 April 2009: updated GloPac tracer tags based on the ARCTAS CO tags.
  • 26 January 2010: updated GloPac tracer tags for BB: move map region #4 from Asia/European BB emissions (co_bbae) into Other Regions BB (co_bbot) emissions.

The Baseline System

 

The starting point is the GEOS-5 Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (GEOS-5 ADAS) used for supporting the Year of Tropical Convection (YOTC), consisting of the main subsystems:

  • GEOS-5 Atmospheric Global Climate Model (GEOS-AGCM)
  • The Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis system, jointly developed by NOAA/NCEP and GMAO

This system will be complemented by the GEOS-5 Aerosol/Chemistry (AeroChem) components that were used in support of TC4 (Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling) Mission, and ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) Mission including

  • Global CO and CO2 tracers
  • GOCART aerosols:
    • Dust: 5 bins
    • Sea-salt: 5 bins
    • Organic carbon: hydrophobic and hydrophilic tracers
    • Black carbon: hydrophobic and hydrophilic tracers
    • Sulfates: SO2, SO4, Dimethylsulphide (DMS) and Methanesulphonic acid (MSA)

Advection, diffusion, and convective transport of the above tracers are performed on-line within the GEOS-5 AGCM.

GEOS-5 Customization for GloPac

 

The baseline GEOS-5 system will include the following new features in support of GloPac:

  • Additional tracers (see Table 1 for the definition of specific regions):
    • 9 CO tag tracers driven by
      • 4 non-biomass burning emissions: Asia, North America, Europe, global
      • 5 biomass burning emissions: Asia and Europe, North America, Central and South America, Africa, global
    • 2 CFC F12 tracers tagged according to
      • Tropospheric origin
      • Stratospheric origin
  • The GEOS-5 File Specification Addendum for GloPac documents describes the additional data products being generated
  • A real-time data delivery system consisting of
    • OPeNDAP server
    • Anonymous FTP
    • Web Map Server (WMS) with GoogleEarth capabilities (SIVO)
  • On-line visualization system tailored for GloPac
    • WMS viewer (SIVO)
    • Web-based visualization of Chemical Weather (Code 613.3)
Table 1. Regions for defining tag tracers.
Type Region Variable Name Masking
Non-BB Global conbgl none
Non-BB Asia conbas 4, 10
Non-BB North America conbna 1
Non-BB Europe conbeu 3, 9
BB Global cobbgl none
BB Asia & Europe cobbae 3, 4, 9, 10
BB North America cobbna 1
BB Central & South America cobbla 2, 6
BB Africa cobbaf 5
CFC12 Troposhere cfc12t below GEOS-5 PV-based tropopause
CFC12 Stratosphere cfc12s above GEOS-5 PV-based tropopause

Chemical Boundary Condition Datasets

CO Sources

CO emissions from fossil fuels are from a merge of several inventories. The emission files have been merged by Bryan Duncan using code and inventories provided by Bob Yantosca at Harvard University:

  • Global emissions:
    • Fossil fuel: 371.230 Tg
    • Bio-fuel: 165.776 Tg
  • EDGAR (2000) is the base global emissions for CO
  • Note:: Base emissions are overwritten in regional areas with
             + EPA/NEI99     over continental USA (1999)
             + EMEP          over Europe (??)
             + BRAVO         over Northern Mexico (??)
             + David Streets over SE Asia & China (2000)
             + David Streets over China only (2001)
  • no diurnal variation
  • seasonal variation (+/- 10%) applied to N. America and Europe >36 N as described in Duncan et al. (2007),except for China as Streets provides monthly emissions"

CO biofuel emissions are from Yevich et al.[2003, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17 (4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952]. To account for production of CO from co-emitted NMHC we apply scale factors to the direct emission sources from fossil fuels, biofuels, and biomass burning following Duncan et al. [2007, JGR, 112, D22301, doi:10.1029/2007JD008459]: 

 co_ff = 1.20 * co_ff_inventory
 co_bf = 1.19 * co_bf_inventory 
 co_bb = 1.11 * co_bb_inventory.

Isoprene and terpene emissions were calculated by the GMI combo model based on Guenther et al. [1995, JGR, 100 (D5), 8,873-8,892]], using GEOS-4 meteorological fields; the estimation of the production of CO from biogenic NMHC is described in Duncan et al. [2007]. A given CO source from the oxidation of biogenic methanol was distributed according to the emission of isoprene as described in Duncan et al. [2007]. CO produced from methane oxidation is accounted for by using the monthly CH4 fields and assuming a CO yield of 1. The monthly CH4 fields are based on the data from the NOAA GMD sites and distributed as a function of latitude [Bian et al., 2007].

CO2 Emission Fluxes

CO2 emissions were compiled by Transcom 3 [Gurney et al., 2002]. CO2 fossil fuel is from Andres et al. [1996] and has a global total of 6.17 PgC/yr in 1995. CO2 ecosystem productivity is from a seasonally balanced terrestrial biosphere based on computations of net primary productivity from the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) biogeochemical model [Randerson et al., 1997]. CO2 ocean exchange due to air-sea gas exchange has a magnitude of -2.2 PgC/yr from 1x1 monthly mean CO2 fluxes derived from sea-surface pCO2 measurements [Takahashi et al., 1999].

Dust Source Function

Fractional efficiency of grid cell at emitting dust. Based on Ginoux et al. 2001 [JGR, 106 (D17), 20,255-20273] and modified as in Chin et al. 2003 [JGR, 108 (D23), doi:10.1029/2003JD003642].

CFC Sources

Surface emissions from the bottom-up emission inventory from IPCC [2005], which is generated based on McCulloch et al. 2001 [Atmos. Environ. 35(26), 4387-4397] and McCulloch et el. 2003 [Atmos. Environ. 37(7), 889-902] and AFEAS (Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study) [2004].

Anthropogenic Aerosol and Precursor Emissions

Fuel combustion emissions of SO2, BC, and OC in 2006 from 17 world regions are from David Streets (personal communication). We then map those emissions to global 1x1 grids based on the gridded emission patterns from Bonds et al. (1996) for BC and OC and EDGAR 1995 for SO2. We also assume a sulfate emission from fuel combustion sources which is 3% of the SO2 emission.

Ship-based Aerosol and Precursor Emissions

Total amount of SO2, BC, and OC emissions from international ship traffic are based on Eyring et al. (2005) for the years of 1980, 1995, 2001, and 2020 (projected). These numbers are distributed spatially based on the EDGAR 32FT2000 database and interpolated to 2006.

Biofuel Aerosol Emissions

Biofuel emissions are from the Yevich and Logan [2003, Globlal Biogeochemical Cycles, 17, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952] with a seasonal variability in the United States as in Park et al. [2003, JGR, 108 (D12), 4355, doi:10.1029/2002JD003190].

DMS

DMS has a wind speed dependent emission source at the ocean surface and a spatial emission pattern based on a monthly varying climatology of dissolved DMS [Kettle et al., 1999, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13 (2), 399-444].

Terpene for Organic Aerosol Production

Terpene emissions are from Guenther et al. [1995, JGR, 100 (D5), 8,873-8,892].

Outgassing Volcanic SO2

Continuously erupting volcanic emissions of SO2 are taken from Andres and Kasgnoc (1998) and is assumed to have a constant emission rate. Sporadically erupting volcanic emissions are based on the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) database and the TOMS/OMI SO2 data. Emission height is estimated using the volcanic eruption index (VEI) and the TOMS volcanic SO2 index (VSI) (Chin et al., 2000).

Aircraft Fuel Consumption for SO2 Emissions

Aircraft emissions of SO2, BC, and OC are estimated based fuel consumption data from the Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project (AEAP) for 1976, 1984, 1992, 1999, and 2015 (projected) and interpolated to 2006.

Oxidant Fields

All oxidant fields are from the GMI combo Aura2_nlp model simulation.

References

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