GEOS-5

GEOS-5 Configuration for PIESA

Revision as of 11:56, 7 May 2009 by Peter.colarco (talk | contribs) (→Recent System Configuration Updates)

The Integrated Earth System Analysis (IESA) is a general framework for synthesizing information from earth-system models and observations, and turning them into products of various sorts, recognizing user needs, and making the information accessible and widely available. This requires the use of sophisticated models and assimilation systems, and their exploitation in prediction on multiple time scales, along with interactive data stewardship and management. The Preparatory IESA (PIESA) project is a first attempt centered around the [http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/research/merra/ Mordern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications] (MERRA) to provide historical global datasets including atmospheric aerosols, chemical constituents, as well as land and oceanic parameters. The initial target period is the satellite era (1979-present).

At present, this is a working document defining the main attributes of the GEOS-5 system that will be used to conduct an initial multi-year replay run including Aerosols, CO and CO2.

To Do List

  • Revise this page with PIESA specific information.

Recent System Configuration Updates

  • 7 May 2009: Current PIESA Tag: GEOSadas-5_3_0_p2-piesa_0r1 Module: GEOSadas-5_3
  • 11 April 2009: created this WikiPage based on the YOTC WikiPage.

The Baseline System

 

The starting point is the GEOS-5 Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (GEOS-5 ADAS) used for supporting the Year of Tropical Convection (YOTC), consisting of the main subsystems:

  • GEOS-5 Atmospheric Global Climate Model (GEOS-AGCM)
  • The Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis system, jointly developed by NOAA/NCEP and GMAO

This system will be complemented by the GEOS-5 Aerosol/Chemistry (AeroChem) components that were used in support of TC4 (Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling) Mission, and ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) Mission including

  • Global CO and CO2 tracers
  • GOCART aerosols:
    • Dust: 5 bins
    • Sea-salt: 5 bins
    • Organic carbon: hydrophobic and hydrophilic tracers
    • Black carbon: hydrophobic and hydrophilic tracers
    • Sulfates: SO2, SO4, Dimethylsulphide (DMS) and Methanesulphonic acid (MSA)

Advection, diffusion, and convective transport of the above tracers are performed on-line within the GEOS-5 AGCM.

GEOS-5 Customization for PIESA

 

The baseline GEOS-5 system will include the following new features in support of PIESA:

  • Additional tracers (see Table 1 for the definition of specific regions):
    • 9 CO tag tracers driven by
      • 4 non-biomass burning emissions: Asia, North America, Europe, other regions
      • 5 biomass burning emissions: Asia and Europe, North America, Central and South America, Africa, other regions
    • 2 CFC F12 tracers tagged according to
      • Tropospheric origin
      • Stratospheric origin
  • The GEOS-5 File Specification Addendum for PIESA documents describes the additional data products being generated
  • A real-time data delivery system consisting of
    • OPeNDAP server
    • Anonymous FTP
    • Web Map Server (WMS) with GoogleEarth capabilities (SIVO)
  • On-line visualization system tailored for PIESA
    • WMS viewer (SIVO)
    • Web-based visualization of Chemical Weather (Code 613.3)
    • University of Washington ION-based package
Table 1. Regions for defining tag tracers.
Type Region Tag Tracers Masking
Non-BB Asia co_ffas 4, 10
Non-BB North America co_ffna 1
Non-BB Europe co_ffeu 3, 9
Non-BB other regions co_ffot 2, 6, 5, 7, 8
BB Asia & Europe co_bbae 4, 10, 3, 9
BB North America co_bbna 1
BB Central & South America co_bbcs 2, 6
BB Africa co_bbaf 5
BB other regions co_bbot 7, 8
CFC12 Troposhere cfc12_tt below GEOS-5 PV-based tropopause
CFC12 Stratosphere cfc12_ss above GEOS-5 PV-based tropopause

Chemical Boundary Condition Datasets

CO Sources

CO emissions from fossil fuels are from a merge of several inventories. The emission files have been merged by Bryan Duncan using code and inventories provided by Bob Yantosca at Harvard University:

  • Global emissions:
    • Fossil fuel: 371.230 Tg
    • Bio-fuel: 165.776 Tg
  • EDGAR (2000) is the base global emissions for CO
  • Note:: Base emissions are overwritten in regional areas with
             + EPA/NEI99     over continental USA (1999)
             + EMEP          over Europe (??)
             + BRAVO         over Northern Mexico (??)
             + David Streets over SE Asia & China (2000)
             + David Streets over China only (2001)
  • no diurnal variation
  • seasonal variation (+/- 10%) applied to N. America and Europe >36 N as described in Duncan et al. (2007),except for China as Streets provides monthly emissions"

CO biofuel emissions are from Yevich et al.[2003, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17 (4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952]. To account for production of CO from co-emitted NMHC we apply scale factors to the direct emission sources from fossil fuels, biofuels, and biomass burning following Duncan et al. [2007, JGR, 112, D22301, doi:10.1029/2007JD008459]: 

 co_ff = 1.20 * co_ff_inventory
 co_bf = 1.19 * co_bf_inventory 
 co_bb = 1.11 * co_bb_inventory.

Isoprene and terpene emissions were calculated by the GMI combo model based on Guenther et al. [1995, JGR, 100 (D5), 8,873-8,892]], using GEOS-4 meteorological fields; the estimation of the production of CO from biogenic NMHC is described in Duncan et al. [2007]. A given CO source from the oxidation of biogenic methanol was distributed according to the emission of isoprene as described in Duncan et al. [2007]. CO produced from methane oxidation is accounted for by using the monthly CH4 fields and assuming a CO yield of 1. The monthly CH4 fields are based on the data from the NOAA GMD sites and distributed as a function of latitude [Bian et al., 2007].

CO2 Emission Fluxes

CO2 emissions were compiled by Transcom 3 [Gurney et al., 2002]. CO2 fossil fuel is from Andres et al. [1996] and has a global total of 6.17 PgC/yr in 1995. CO2 ecosystem productivity is from a seasonally balanced terrestrial biosphere based on computations of net primary productivity from the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) biogeochemical model [Randerson et al., 1997]. CO2 ocean exchange due to air-sea gas exchange has a magnitude of -2.2 PgC/yr from 1x1 monthly mean CO2 fluxes derived from sea-surface pCO2 measurements [Takahashi et al., 1999].

Dust Source Function

Fractional efficiency of grid cell at emitting dust. Based on Ginoux et al. 2001 [JGR, 106 (D17), 20,255-20273] and modified as in Chin et al. 2003 [JGR, 108 (D23), doi:10.1029/2003JD003642].

CFC Sources

Surface emissions from the bottom-up emission inventory from IPCC [2005], which is generated based on McCulloch et al. 2001 [Atmos. Environ. 35(26), 4387-4397] and McCulloch et el. 2003 [Atmos. Environ. 37(7), 889-902] and AFEAS (Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study) [2004].

Anthropogenic Aerosol (Including Biofuel) and Precursor Emissions

Emission trends of SO2, BC, and OC for the period 1979-2006 from 17 world regions from D. Streets (2008a, 2008b). For BC and OC, we map those emissions to a global 1 x 1 grid based on the gridded emissions patterns for the year 1996 from Bond et. al. (2004). For SO2, the emissions are mapped to a global 1 x 1 grid based on the FT2000 SO2 emissions from the EDGAR database. Included sectors are residential, industry, power, and transport (note: each sector here includes biofuel). Excluded emissions are aircraft and international ship traffic in the transport sector and biomass burning. We also assume a sulfate emission from fuel combustion sources which is 3% of the SO2 emission.

Ship-based Aerosol and Precursor Emissions

Total amount of SO2, BC, and OC emissions from international ship traffic for the time period 1979-2007. These emissions are distributed spatially based on the EDGAR 32FT2000 database (V. Eyring and A. Lauer). Eyring et. al. (2005) provides SO2 emission trends for the years 1970, 1980, 1995, 2001, and 2020 (projection); trends for years not provided were derived through interpolation.

DMS

DMS has a wind speed dependent emission source at the ocean surface and a spatial emission pattern based on a monthly varying climatology of dissolved DMS [Kettle et al., 1999, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13 (2), 399-444].

Terpene for Organic Aerosol Production

Terpene emissions are from Guenther et al. [1995, JGR, 100 (D5), 8,873-8,892].

Outgassing Volcanic SO2

Continuous and sporadic (eruptive) emissions of volcanic SO2 for all days in the period 1979-2007 for all volcanoes included in the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Project database (excluding sub-glacial and submarine volcanoes). Volcanoes are assigned pre-eruptive, post-eruptive, and extra-eruptive degassing states depending on their eruptive states. In addition, we use the SO2 emission rates proved by Andres and Kasgnoc (1998) for 49 quasi-continuously erupting volcanoes. Sporadically erupting volcanic emissions are based on the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) database and the TOMS/OMI SO2 data. Emission height is estimated using the volcanic eruption index (VEI) and the TOMS volcanic SO2 index (VSI) (Chin et al., 2000).

Aircraft Fuel Consumption for SO2 Emissions

Aircraft emissions of SO2, BC, and OC are estimated based on fuel consumption for the period 1979-2006. Data from the NASA Atmospheric Effects of Aviation (AEAP) was available the years 1976, 1984, 1992, 1999, and 2014 (projection) from Steven Baughcum (Boeing Corporation), and fuel emissions for other years were interpolated while maintaing flight patterns from the original data.

Biomass Burning Emissions

Emissions of OC, BC, and SO2 from gridded monthly mean inventories of dry mass burned (DM) due to biomass burning for the period 1980-2007. The period of 1980-1996 is based on an inventory from Duncan et. al. (2003) which was generated using fire data from the AVHRR and ATSR and the Aerosol Index from the TOMS instrument to estimate dry mass burned in eight regions. For the period 1997-2007, we use the carbon emissions from the Global Fire Emissions Database version 2 (GFEDv2) (Randerson, 2007; Van der Werf, 2006) and compute dry mass burned as DM=C/0.45. Emission factors for BC, OC, and SO2 are 0.001, 0.008, and 0.00112 kg <species>/kgDM.

Oxidant Fields

All oxidant fields are from the GMI combo Aura2_nlp model simulation.

References

Andres, R. J.. and A. D. Kasgnoc, A time-averaged inventory of subaerial volcanic sulfur emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25251-25261, 1998.

Baughcum, S. L., S. C. Henderson, and T. G. Tritz, Scheduled Civil Aircraft Emission Inventories for 1976 and 1984: Database Development and Analysis, NASA Contractor Report 4722.

Baughcum, S. L., D. J. Sutkus, and S.C. Henderson, Year 2015 Aircraft Emission Scenario for Scheduled Air Traffic, NASA CR/-1998-207638, 1998.

Baughcum, S. L., T. G. Tritz, S. C. Henderson, and D. C. Pickett, Scheduled Civil Aircraft Emission Inventories for 1992: Database Development and Analysis, NASA Contractor Report 4700, 1996.

Bond, T. C., D. G. Streets, S. D. Fernandes, S. M. Nelson, K. F. Yarber, J.-H. Woo, and Z. Klimont, A technology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14203, doi:10.1029/2003JD003697, 2004.

Bond, T. C., D. G. Streets, S. D. Fernandes, S. M. Nelson, K. F. Yarber, J.-H. Woo, and Z. Klimont, A technology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14203, doi:10.1029/2003JD003697, 2004.

Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029

Eyring, V., H. W. Kohler, J. van Aardenne, and A. Lauer, Emissions from international shipping: 1. The last 50 years, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D17305, doi:10.1029/2004JD005619, 2005a.

Eyring, V., H. W. Kohler, A. Lauer, and B. Lemper, Emissions from international shipping: 2. Impact of future technologies on scenarios until 2050, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D17306, doi:10.1029/2004JD005620, 2005b.

Randerson, J. T., G. R. van der Werf, L. Giglio, G. J. Collatz, and P. S. Kasibhatla, Global Fire Emissions Da tabase, Version 2 (GFEDv2.1), Data set, Available on-line [1] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Streets, D. G., T. C. Bond, T. Lee, C. Jang, On the future of carbonaceous aerosol emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D24212, doi:10.1029/2004JD004902, 2004.

Streets, D., private communication, 2008a.

Streets, D. G., C. Yu, Y. Wu, M. Chin, Z. Zhao, T. Hayasaka, and G. Shi, Aerosol trends over China, 1980-2000, Atmos. Res., 88, 174-182, 2008b.

Van der Werf, G. R., J. T. Randerson, L.Giglio, G. J. Collatz, and P. S. Kasibhatla, Interannual variability in global biomass burning emission from 1997 to 2004, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 6, 3423-3441, 2006. http://ess1.ess.uci.edu/~jranders/data/GFED2/

Retrieved from "https://geos5.org/wiki/index.php?title=GEOS-5_Configuration_for_PIESA&oldid=223"