GEOS-5

GEOS-5 Configuration for PIESA: Difference between revisions

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* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/ARCTAS.CFC12/ CFC-12 Emission Fluxes]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/ARCTAS.CFC12/ CFC-12 Emission Fluxes]


===Anthropogenic Aerosol and Precursor Emissions===
===Anthropogenic Aerosol (Including Biofuel) and Precursor Emissions===
Fuel combustion emissions of SO2, BC, and OC in 2006 from 17 world regions are from David Streets (personal communication).  We then map those emissions to global 1x1 grids based on the gridded emission patterns from Bonds et al. (1996) for BC and OC and EDGAR 1995 for SO2.  We also assume a sulfate emission from fuel combustion sources which is 3% of the SO2 emission.<br>
Emission trends of SO2, BC, and OC for the period 1979-2006 from 17 world regions from D. Streets (2008a, 2008b).  For BC and OC, we map those emissions to a global 1 x 1 grid based on the gridded emissions patterns for the year 1996 from Bond et. al. (2004).  For SO2, the emissions are mapped to a global 1 x 1 grid based on the FT2000 SO2 emissions from the EDGAR database.  Included sectors are residential, industry, power, and transport (note: each sector here includes biofuel).  Excluded emissions are aircraft and international ship traffic in the transport sector and biomass burning.  We also assume a sulfate emission from fuel combustion sources which is 3% of the SO2 emission.<br>


* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/bond_streets.anthro_bc_src.sfc.x360_y181.2006/ Black Carbon]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/bond_streets.anthro_bc_src.sfc.x360_y181.2006/ Black Carbon]
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===Ship-based Aerosol and Precursor Emissions===
===Ship-based Aerosol and Precursor Emissions===
Total amount of SO2, BC, and OC emissions from international ship traffic are based on Eyring et al. (2005) for the years of 1980, 1995, 2001, and 2020 (projected). These numbers are distributed spatially based on the EDGAR 32FT2000 database and interpolated to 2006.<br>
Total amount of SO2, BC, and OC emissions from international ship traffic for the time period 1979-2007. These emissions are distributed spatially based on the EDGAR 32FT2000 database (V. Eyring and A. Lauer).  Eyring et. al. (2005) provides SO2 emission trends for the years 1970, 1980, 1995, 2001, and 2020 (projection);  trends for years not provided were derived through interpolation.<br>


* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/edgar.ship_bc_src.sfc.x360_y181.2007 Black Carbon]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/edgar.ship_bc_src.sfc.x360_y181.2007 Black Carbon]
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* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/edgar.ship_so2_src.sfc.x360_y181.2007 SO2]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/edgar.ship_so2_src.sfc.x360_y181.2007 SO2]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/edgar.ship_so4_src.sfc.x360_y181.2007 Sulfate]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/edgar.ship_so4_src.sfc.x360_y181.2007 Sulfate]
===Biofuel Aerosol Emissions===
Biofuel emissions are from the Yevich and Logan [2003, Globlal Biogeochemical Cycles, 17, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952] with a seasonal variability in the United States as in Park et al. [2003, JGR, 108 (D12), 4355, doi:10.1029/2002JD003190].<br>
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/harvard_rjpark.bc_biofuel.x360_y181_t12.1971/ Black Carbon]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/harvard_rjpark.oc_biofuel.x360_y181_t12.1971/ Organic Carbon]


===DMS===
===DMS===
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===Outgassing Volcanic SO2===
===Outgassing Volcanic SO2===
Continuously erupting volcanic emissions of SO2 are taken from Andres and Kasgnoc (1998) and is assumed to have a constant emission rate. Sporadically erupting volcanic emissions are based on the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) database and the TOMS/OMI SO2 data. Emission height is estimated using the volcanic eruption index (VEI) and the TOMS volcanic SO2 index (VSI) (Chin et al., 2000).<br>
Continuous and sporadic (eruptive) emissions of volcanic SO2 for all days in the period 1979-2007 for all volcanoes included in the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Project database (excluding sub-glacial and submarine volcanoes). Volcanoes are assigned pre-eruptive, post-eruptive, and extra-eruptive degassing states depending on their eruptive states.  In addition, we use the SO2 emission rates proved by Andres and Kasgnoc (1998) for 49 quasi-continuously erupting volcanoes. Sporadically erupting volcanic emissions are based on the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) database and the TOMS/OMI SO2 data. Emission height is estimated using the volcanic eruption index (VEI) and the TOMS volcanic SO2 index (VSI) (Chin et al., 2000).<br>


* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gocart_tldiehl.so2_continuous_volcanic.x544_y361.2000/ Outgassing Volcanic SO2]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gocart_tldiehl.so2_continuous_volcanic.x544_y361.2000/ Outgassing Volcanic SO2]


===Aircraft Fuel Consumption for SO2 Emissions===
===Aircraft Fuel Consumption for SO2 Emissions===
Aircraft emissions of SO2, BC, and OC are estimated based fuel consumption data from the Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project (AEAP) for 1976, 1984, 1992, 1999, and 2015 (projected) and interpolated to 2006.<br>
Aircraft emissions of SO2, BC, and OC are estimated based on fuel consumption for the period 1979-2006. Data from the NASA Atmospheric Effects of Aviation (AEAP) was available the years 1976, 1984, 1992, 1999, and 2014 (projection) from Steven Baughcum (Boeing Corporation), and fuel emissions for other years were interpolated while maintaing flight patterns from the original data.<br>


* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/nasa_aeap.aircraft_fuel.eta.x360_y181_z72_t12.2007/ Aircraft Fuel Consumption (column integrated)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/nasa_aeap.aircraft_fuel.eta.x360_y181_z72_t12.2007/ Aircraft Fuel Consumption (column integrated)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/nasa_aeap.aircraft_fuel.eta.x360_y181_z72_t12.2007.zonal/ Aircraft Fuel Consumption (zonal average)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/nasa_aeap.aircraft_fuel.eta.x360_y181_z72_t12.2007.zonal/ Aircraft Fuel Consumption (zonal average)]
===Biomass Burning Emissions===
Emissions of OC, BC, and SO2 from gridded monthly mean inventories of dry mass burned (DM) due to biomass burning for the period 1980-2007.  The period of 1980-1996 is based on an inventory from Duncan et. al. (2003) which was generated using fire data from the AVHRR and ATSR and the Aerosol Index from the TOMS instrument to estimate dry mass burned in eight regions.  For the period 1997-2007, we use the carbon emissions from the Global Fire Emissions Database version 2 (GFEDv2) (Randerson, 2007; Van der Werf, 2006) and compute dry mass burned as DM=C/0.45.  Emission factors for BC, OC, and SO2 are 0.001, 0.008, and 0.00112 kg <species>/kgDM.<br>


===Oxidant Fields===
===Oxidant Fields===
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