GEOS-5

GEOS-5 Configuration for PIESA: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(11 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 8: Line 8:
assimilation systems, and their exploitation in prediction on multiple
assimilation systems, and their exploitation in prediction on multiple
time scales, along with interactive data stewardship and
time scales, along with interactive data stewardship and
management. The ''Preparatory IESA'' ('''PIESA''') project is a first
management. The ''Phased IESA'' ('''PIESA''') project is a first
attempt centered around the [http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/research/merra/
attempt centered around the [http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/research/merra/
Mordern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications]
Mordern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications]
(MERRA) to provide historical global datasets including atmospheric
(MERRA) to provide historical global datasets including atmospheric
aerosols, chemical constituents, as well as land and oceanic
aerosols, chemical constituents, as well as land and oceanic
parameters. The initial target period is the satellite era
parameters.  
(1979-present).


At present, this is a working document defining the main attributes of
At present, this is a working document defining the main attributes of
the GEOS-5 system that will be used to conduct an initial multi-year
the GEOS-5 system that will be used to conduct an initial multi-year
replay run including Aerosols, CO and CO2.
replay run including GOCART Aerosols, CO and CO2, as well as the GMI combined tropospheric/stratospheric chemistry.
 
== To Do List ==
 
* Revise this page with PIESA specific information.
 
== Recent System Configuration Updates ==
 
* '''11 April 2009''': created this WikiPage based on the YOTC WikiPage.


== The Baseline System ==
== The Baseline System ==
Line 37: Line 28:
* The Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis system, jointly developed by NOAA/NCEP and GMAO
* The Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis system, jointly developed by NOAA/NCEP and GMAO


This system will be complemented by the GEOS-5 Aerosol/Chemistry (AeroChem) components that were used in support of [http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/highlights/tc4mission/ TC4 (Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling) Mission], and [http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/projects/arctas/ ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) Mission] including
The aerosol/chemistry specific configuration are described in these pages:
 
* Global CO and CO2 tracers
* GOCART aerosols:
** Dust: 5 bins
** Sea-salt: 5 bins
** Organic carbon: hydrophobic and hydrophilic tracers
** Black carbon: hydrophobic and hydrophilic tracers
** Sulfates: SO2, SO4, Dimethylsulphide (DMS) and Methanesulphonic acid (MSA)
 
Advection, diffusion, and convective transport of the above tracers are performed on-line within the GEOS-5 AGCM.
 
== GEOS-5 Customization for PIESA ==
 
[[image:ARCTAS.regions.png|right]]
 
The baseline GEOS-5 system will include the following new features in support of PIESA:
 
* Additional tracers (see Table 1 for the definition of specific regions):
** 9 CO tag tracers driven by
*** 4 non-biomass burning emissions: Asia, North America, Europe, other regions
*** 5 biomass burning emissions: Asia and Europe, North America, Central and South America, Africa, other regions
** 2 CFC F12 tracers tagged according to
*** Tropospheric origin
*** Stratospheric origin
* The [[GEOS-5 File Specification Addendum for PIESA]] documents describes the additional data products being generated
* A real-time data delivery system consisting of
** OPeNDAP server
** Anonymous FTP
** Web Map Server (WMS) with GoogleEarth capabilities (SIVO)
* On-line visualization system tailored for PIESA
** WMS viewer (SIVO)
** Web-based visualization of ''Chemical Weather'' (Code 613.3)
** University of Washington ION-based package
 
<center>
 
{| border="1"
 
|+ ''Table 1.'' Regions for defining tag tracers. 
 
!  Type          !! Region            !! Tag Tracers      !! Masking   
|-
| Non-BB || Asia                  || co_ffas            ||    4, 10     
|-
| Non-BB || North America || co_ffna          ||    1       
|-
| Non-BB || Europe              || co_ffeu          ||    3, 9 
|-
| Non-BB || other regions  || co_ffot          ||    2, 6, 5, 7, 8 
|-
| BB  || Asia & Europe                  || co_bbae  || 4, 10, 3, 9
|-
| BB  || North America                  || co_bbna  || 1 
|-
| BB  || Central & South America || co_bbcs  || 2, 6 
|-
| BB  || Africa                                  || co_bbaf  || 5
|-
| BB  || other regions                    || co_bbot  || 7, 8   
|-
| CFC12 || Troposhere        || cfc12_tt          || below GEOS-5 PV-based tropopause
|-
| CFC12 || Stratosphere      || cfc12_ss          ||  above GEOS-5 PV-based tropopause
|-
|}
 
</center>
 
== Chemical Boundary Condition Datasets ==
 
===CO Sources===
 
CO emissions from '''fossil fuels''' are from a merge of several inventories. The
emission files have been merged by Bryan Duncan using code and
inventories provided by Bob Yantosca at Harvard University:
 
* Global emissions:
** Fossil fuel: 371.230 Tg
** Bio-fuel: 165.776 Tg
* EDGAR (2000) is the base global emissions for CO
* '''Note''':: Base emissions are overwritten in regional areas with
              + EPA/NEI99    over continental USA (1999)
              + EMEP          over Europe (??)
              + BRAVO        over Northern Mexico (??)
              + David Streets over SE Asia & China (2000)
              + David Streets over China only (2001)
* no diurnal variation
* seasonal variation (+/- 10%) applied to N. America and Europe >36 N as described in Duncan et al. (2007),except for China as Streets provides monthly emissions"
 
'''CO biofuel''' emissions are from Yevich et al.[2003, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17 (4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952]. To account for production of CO from co-emitted NMHC we apply scale
factors to the direct emission sources from fossil fuels, biofuels, and
biomass burning following Duncan et al. [2007, JGR, 112, D22301, doi:10.1029/2007JD008459]:
  co_ff = 1.20 * co_ff_inventory
  co_bf = 1.19 * co_bf_inventory
  co_bb = 1.11 * co_bb_inventory.
 
'''Isoprene''' and '''terpene''' emissions were calculated by the
GMI combo model based on Guenther et al. [1995, JGR, 100 (D5), 8,873-8,892]], using GEOS-4 meteorological fields; the estimation of the production of CO from '''biogenic NMHC''' is
described in Duncan et al. [2007]. A given CO source from the oxidation of
biogenic methanol was distributed according to the emission of isoprene as
described in Duncan et al. [2007].  CO produced from '''methane oxidation''' is accounted for by using the monthly CH4 fields and assuming a CO yield of 1.  The '''monthly CH4''' fields are based on the data from the NOAA GMD sites and distributed as a function of latitude [Bian et al., 2007].
 
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/co_fossilfuel.x360_y181_t12.2001 Fossil Fuel]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/co_biofuel.x360_y181_t12.2001 Biofuel]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/co_biogenic.x288_y181_t12.2006.emcoisop Isoprene Emissions]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/o_biogenic.x288_y181_t12.2006.emconvoc Methanol Emissions]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/co_biogenic.x288_y181_t12.2006.emcoterp Terpene Emissions]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.ch4 Methane (sfc)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.zonal.ch4 Methane (zonal average)]
 
===CO2 Emission Fluxes===
CO2 emissions were compiled by Transcom 3 [Gurney et al., 2002].
CO2 fossil fuel is from Andres et al. [1996] and has a global total of 6.17 PgC/yr in 1995.
CO2 ecosystem productivity is from a seasonally balanced terrestrial biosphere based on computations of net primary productivity from the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) biogeochemical model [Randerson et al., 1997].
CO2 ocean exchange due to air-sea gas exchange has a magnitude of -2.2 PgC/yr from 1x1 monthly mean CO2 fluxes derived from sea-surface pCO2 measurements [Takahashi et al., 1999].<br>
 
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/bian.co2.x288_y181_t12.2001.emco2ff/ Fossil Fuels]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/bian.co2.x288_y181_t12.2001.emco2nep/ Ecosystem Productivity]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/bian.co2.x288_y181_t12.2001.emco2ocn/ Ocean Exchange]
 
===Dust Source Function===
Fractional efficiency of grid cell at emitting dust.  Based on Ginoux et al. 2001 [JGR, 106 (D17), 20,255-20273] and modified as in Chin et al. 2003 [JGR, 108 (D23), doi:10.1029/2003JD003642].<br>
 
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gocart.dust_source.v4a.x540_y361.1971/ Dust Source Function]
 
===CFC Sources===
Surface emissions from the bottom-up emission inventory from IPCC [2005], which is generated based on McCulloch et al. 2001 [Atmos. Environ. 35(26), 4387-4397] and McCulloch et el. 2003 [Atmos. Environ. 37(7), 889-902] and AFEAS (Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study) [2004].<br>
 
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/ARCTAS.CFC12/ CFC-12 Emission Fluxes]
 
===Anthropogenic Aerosol (Including Biofuel) and Precursor Emissions===
Emission trends of SO2, BC, and OC for the period 1979-2006 from 17 world regions from D. Streets (2008a, 2008b).  For BC and OC, we map those emissions to a global 1 x 1 grid based on the gridded emissions patterns for the year 1996 from Bond et. al. (2004).  For SO2, the emissions are mapped to a global 1 x 1 grid based on the FT2000 SO2 emissions from the EDGAR database.  Included sectors are residential, industry, power, and transport (note: each sector here includes biofuel).  Excluded emissions are aircraft and international ship traffic in the transport sector and biomass burning.  We also assume a sulfate emission from fuel combustion sources which is 3% of the SO2 emission.<br>
 
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/bond_streets.anthro_bc_src.sfc.x360_y181.2006/ Black Carbon]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/bond_streets.anthro_oc_src.sfc.x360_y181.2006/ Organic Carbon]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/bond_streets.anthro_so2_src.sfc.x360_y181.2006/ SO2]
 
===Ship-based Aerosol and Precursor Emissions===
Total amount of SO2, BC, and OC emissions from international ship traffic for the time period 1979-2007. These emissions are distributed spatially based on the EDGAR 32FT2000 database (V. Eyring and A. Lauer).  Eyring et. al. (2005) provides SO2 emission trends for the years 1970, 1980, 1995, 2001, and 2020 (projection);  trends for years not provided were derived through interpolation.<br>
 
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/edgar.ship_bc_src.sfc.x360_y181.2007 Black Carbon]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/edgar.ship_oc_src.sfc.x360_y181.2007 Organic Carbon]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/edgar.ship_so2_src.sfc.x360_y181.2007 SO2]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/edgar.ship_so4_src.sfc.x360_y181.2007 Sulfate]
 
===DMS===
DMS has a wind speed dependent emission source at the ocean surface and a spatial emission pattern based on a monthly varying climatology of dissolved DMS [Kettle et al., 1999, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13 (2), 399-444].<br>
 
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/kettle_chin.dms_sfcconcentration.x360_y181_t12.1971/ DMS Surface Concentrations]
 
===Terpene for Organic Aerosol Production===
Terpene emissions are from Guenther et al. [1995, JGR, 100 (D5), 8,873-8,892].<br>
 
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/geia.terpene_biogenic.x144_y91_t12.1971/ Terpene Emissions for Organic Carbon Aerosol Production]
 
===Outgassing Volcanic SO2===
Continuous and sporadic (eruptive) emissions of volcanic SO2 for all days in the period 1979-2007 for all volcanoes included in the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Project database (excluding sub-glacial and submarine volcanoes). Volcanoes are assigned pre-eruptive, post-eruptive, and extra-eruptive degassing states depending on their eruptive states.  In addition, we use the SO2 emission rates proved by Andres and Kasgnoc (1998) for 49 quasi-continuously erupting volcanoes. Sporadically erupting volcanic emissions are based on the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) database and the TOMS/OMI SO2 data. Emission height is estimated using the volcanic eruption index (VEI) and the TOMS volcanic SO2 index (VSI) (Chin et al., 2000).<br>
 
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gocart_tldiehl.so2_continuous_volcanic.x544_y361.2000/ Outgassing Volcanic SO2]
 
===Aircraft Fuel Consumption for SO2 Emissions===
Aircraft emissions of SO2, BC, and OC  are estimated based on fuel consumption for the period 1979-2006. Data from the NASA Atmospheric Effects of Aviation (AEAP) was available the years 1976, 1984, 1992, 1999, and 2014 (projection) from Steven Baughcum (Boeing Corporation), and fuel emissions for other years were interpolated while maintaing flight patterns from the original data.<br>
 
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/nasa_aeap.aircraft_fuel.eta.x360_y181_z72_t12.2007/ Aircraft Fuel Consumption (column integrated)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/nasa_aeap.aircraft_fuel.eta.x360_y181_z72_t12.2007.zonal/ Aircraft Fuel Consumption (zonal average)]
 
===Biomass Burning Emissions===
Emissions of OC, BC, and SO2 from gridded monthly mean inventories of dry mass burned (DM) due to biomass burning for the period 1980-2007.  The period of 1980-1996 is based on an inventory from Duncan et. al. (2003) which was generated using fire data from the AVHRR and ATSR and the Aerosol Index from the TOMS instrument to estimate dry mass burned in eight regions.  For the period 1997-2007, we use the carbon emissions from the Global Fire Emissions Database version 2 (GFEDv2) (Randerson, 2007; Van der Werf, 2006) and compute dry mass burned as DM=C/0.45.  Emission factors for BC, OC, and SO2 are 0.001, 0.008, and 0.00112 kg <species>/kgDM.<br>
 
===Oxidant Fields===
All oxidant fields are from the GMI combo Aura2_nlp model simulation.<br>
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.h2o2/ H2O2 (sfc)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.zonal.h2o2/ H2O2 (zonal average)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.no3/ NO3 (sfc)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.zonal.no3/ NO3 (zonal average)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.oh/ OH (sfc)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.zonal.oh/ OH (zonal average)]


== References ==
* [[GEOS-5 GOCART Configuration for PIESA]]
* [[GEOS-5 GMI Configuration for PIESA]]
Retrieved from "https://geos5.org/wiki/index.php?title=GEOS-5_Configuration_for_PIESA"