View source for GEOS-5 Configuration for DISCOVER-AQ

[[image:DISCOVER-AQ.blue.jpg|none|alt=DISCOVER-AQ|DISCOVER-AQ]]

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The [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/discover-aq/index.html DISCOVER-AQ], which stands for Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality, will take place in July 2011.

This is a working document defining the main attributes of the GEOS-5 system that will be deployed in real-time in support of DISCOVER-AQ. 

== To Do List ==

== Recent System Configuration Updates ==

* '''24 June 2010''': created this wikipage based on the GloPac wikipage.

== The Baseline System ==

[[image:Bc_north_atlantic.png|right]]

The starting point is the GEOS-5 Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (GEOS-5 ADAS) used for supporting the ''Year of Tropical Convection'' (YOTC), consisting of the main subsystems:

* GEOS-5 Atmospheric Global Climate Model (GEOS-AGCM)
* The Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis system, jointly developed by NOAA/NCEP and GMAO

This system will be complemented by the GEOS-5 Aerosol/Chemistry (AeroChem) components that were used in support of [http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/highlights/tc4mission/ TC4 (Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling) Mission], [http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/projects/arctas/ ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) Mission] and [http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/projects/glopac/  GloPac (NASA Global Hawk Pacific) Mission] including

* Global CO and CO2 tracers
* GOCART aerosols:
** Dust: 5 bins
** Sea-salt: 5 bins
** Organic carbon: hydrophobic and hydrophilic tracers
** Black carbon: hydrophobic and hydrophilic tracers
** Sulfates: SO2, SO4, Dimethylsulphide (DMS) and Methanesulphonic acid (MSA)

Advection, diffusion, and convective transport of the above tracers are performed on-line within the GEOS-5 AGCM.

== GEOS-5 Customization for DISCOVER-AQ ==

[[image:ARCTAS-r1.small.png|right]]

The baseline GEOS-5 system will include the following new features in support of DISCOVER-AQ:

* Additional tracers (see Table 1 for the definition of specific regions): 
** 9 CO tag tracers driven by
*** 4 non-biomass burning emissions: Asia, North America, Europe, global 
*** 5 biomass burning emissions: Asia and Europe, North America, Central and South America, Africa, global
** 2 CFC F12 tracers tagged according to
*** Tropospheric origin
*** Stratospheric origin
* The [http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/products/documents/GEOS-5%207%202_File_Specification_17June2011_Final.pdf GEOS-5.7.2 File Specification] document describes the data products being generated
* A real-time data delivery system consisting of
** OPeNDAP server
** Anonymous FTP
** Web Map Server (WMS) with GoogleEarth capabilities (SIVO)
* On-line visualization system tailored for DISCOVER-AQ
** WMS viewer (SIVO)
** Visualization of [http://acdb-ext.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/Mission_Support/ ''Chemical Weather''] (Code 613.3)
** [http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/products/nwp/systems/fp/envirogram/ Envirograms for target locations]


<center>

{| border="1"

|+ ''Table 1.'' Regions for defining tag tracers.  

!  Type  !! Region                  !! Variable Name  !! Masking     
|-
| Non-BB || Global                  || conbgl         || none       
|-
| Non-BB || Asia                    || conbas         || 4, 10       
|-
| Non-BB || North America           || conbna         || 1         
|-
| Non-BB || Europe                  || conbeu         || 3, 9  
|-
| BB     || Global                  || cobbgl         || none
|-
| BB     || Asia & Europe           || cobbae         || 3, 4, 9, 10
|-
| BB     || North America           || cobbna         || 1  
|-
| BB     || Central & South America || cobbla         || 2, 6  
|-
| BB     || Africa                  || cobbaf         || 5
|-
| CFC12  || Troposhere              || cfc12t         || below GEOS-5 PV-based tropopause
|-
| CFC12  || Stratosphere            || cfc12s         || above GEOS-5 PV-based tropopause
|-
|}

</center>

== Chemical Boundary Condition Datasets ==

===CO Sources===

CO emissions from '''fossil fuels''' are from a merge of several inventories. The
emission files have been merged by Bryan Duncan using code and
inventories provided by Bob Yantosca at Harvard University:

* Global emissions:
** Fossil fuel: 371.230 Tg 
** Bio-fuel: 165.776 Tg
* EDGAR (2000) is the base global emissions for CO
* '''Note''':: Base emissions are overwritten in regional areas with
              + EPA/NEI99     over continental USA (1999)
              + EMEP          over Europe (??)
              + BRAVO         over Northern Mexico (??)
              + David Streets over SE Asia & China (2000)
              + David Streets over China only (2001)
* no diurnal variation
* seasonal variation (+/- 10%) applied to N. America and Europe >36 N as described in Duncan et al. (2007),except for China as Streets provides monthly emissions"

'''CO biofuel''' emissions are from Yevich et al.[2003, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17 (4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952]. To account for production of CO from co-emitted NMHC we apply scale 
factors to the direct emission sources from fossil fuels, biofuels, and 
biomass burning following Duncan et al. [2007, JGR, 112, D22301, doi:10.1029/2007JD008459]: 
  co_ff = 1.20 * co_ff_inventory
  co_bf = 1.19 * co_bf_inventory 
  co_bb = 1.11 * co_bb_inventory. 

'''Isoprene''' and '''terpene''' emissions were calculated by the 
GMI combo model based on Guenther et al. [1995, JGR, 100 (D5), 8,873-8,892]], using GEOS-4 meteorological fields; the estimation of the production of CO from '''biogenic NMHC''' is 
described in Duncan et al. [2007]. A given CO source from the oxidation of 
biogenic methanol was distributed according to the emission of isoprene as 
described in Duncan et al. [2007].  CO produced from '''methane oxidation''' is accounted for by using the monthly CH4 fields and assuming a CO yield of 1.  The '''monthly CH4''' fields are based on the data from the NOAA GMD sites and distributed as a function of latitude [Bian et al., 2007].

* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/co_fossilfuel.x360_y181_t12.2001 Fossil Fuel]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/co_biofuel.x360_y181_t12.2001 Biofuel]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/co_biogenic.x288_y181_t12.2006.emcoisop Isoprene Emissions]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/o_biogenic.x288_y181_t12.2006.emconvoc Methanol Emissions]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/co_biogenic.x288_y181_t12.2006.emcoterp Terpene Emissions]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.ch4 Methane (sfc)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.zonal.ch4 Methane (zonal average)]

===Biomass burning emissions===
Daily QFED v2.2 fire emissions. The [http://opendap.gsfc.nasa.gov:9090/dods/Emissions/QFED/NRT/ QFED Level3b] product includes BC, OC, CO, CO2, SO2 and PM25 emissions. 

===CO2 Emission Fluxes===
CO2 emissions were compiled by Transcom 3 [Gurney et al., 2002].
CO2 fossil fuel is from Andres et al. [1996] and has a global total of 6.17 PgC/yr in 1995.
CO2 ecosystem productivity is from a seasonally balanced terrestrial biosphere based on computations of net primary productivity from the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) biogeochemical model [Randerson et al., 1997].
CO2 ocean exchange due to air-sea gas exchange has a magnitude of -2.2 PgC/yr from 1x1 monthly mean CO2 fluxes derived from sea-surface pCO2 measurements [Takahashi et al., 1999].<br>

* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/bian.co2.x288_y181_t12.2001.emco2ff/ Fossil Fuels]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/bian.co2.x288_y181_t12.2001.emco2nep/ Ecosystem Productivity]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/bian.co2.x288_y181_t12.2001.emco2ocn/ Ocean Exchange]

===Dust Source Function===
Fractional efficiency of grid cell at emitting dust.  Based on Ginoux et al. 2001 [JGR, 106 (D17), 20,255-20273] and modified as in Chin et al. 2003 [JGR, 108 (D23), doi:10.1029/2003JD003642].<br>

* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gocart.dust_source.v4a.x540_y361.1971/ Dust Source Function]

===CFC Sources===
Surface emissions from the bottom-up emission inventory from IPCC [2005], which is generated based on McCulloch et al. 2001 [Atmos. Environ. 35(26), 4387-4397] and McCulloch et el. 2003 [Atmos. Environ. 37(7), 889-902] and AFEAS (Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study) [2004].<br>

* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/ARCTAS.CFC12/ CFC-12 Emission Fluxes]

===Anthropogenic Aerosol and Precursor Emissions===
Fuel combustion emissions of SO2, BC, and OC in 2006 from 17 world regions are from David Streets (personal communication).  We then map those emissions to global 1x1 grids based on the gridded emission patterns from Bonds et al. (1996) for BC and OC and EDGAR 2005 for SO2.  SO2 from non-energy sectors is emitted at 0m - 100m. SO2 from the energy sector is emitted at 100m - 500m. We also assume a sulfate emission from fuel combustion sources which is 3% of the SO2 emission.
<br>

* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/bond_streets.anthro_bc_src.sfc.x360_y181.2006/ Black Carbon]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/bond_streets.anthro_oc_src.sfc.x360_y181.2006/ Organic Carbon]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/bond_streets.anthro_so2_src.sfc.x360_y181.2006/ SO2]

===Ship-based Aerosol and Precursor Emissions===
Total amount of SO2, BC, and OC emissions from international ship traffic are based on Eyring et al. (2005) for  the years of 1980, 1995, 2001, and 2020 (projected). These numbers are distributed spatially based on the EDGAR 32FT2000 database and interpolated to 2006.<br>

* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/edgar.ship_bc_src.sfc.x360_y181.2007 Black Carbon]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/edgar.ship_oc_src.sfc.x360_y181.2007 Organic Carbon]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/edgar.ship_so2_src.sfc.x360_y181.2007 SO2]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/edgar.ship_so4_src.sfc.x360_y181.2007 Sulfate]

===Biofuel Aerosol Emissions===
Biofuel emissions are from the Yevich and Logan [2003, Globlal Biogeochemical Cycles, 17, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952] with a seasonal variability in the United States as in Park et al. [2003, JGR, 108 (D12), 4355, doi:10.1029/2002JD003190].<br>

* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/harvard_rjpark.bc_biofuel.x360_y181_t12.1971/ Black Carbon]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/harvard_rjpark.oc_biofuel.x360_y181_t12.1971/ Organic Carbon]

===DMS===
DMS has a wind speed dependent emission source at the ocean surface and a spatial emission pattern based on a monthly varying climatology of dissolved DMS [Kettle et al., 1999, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13 (2), 399-444].<br>

* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/kettle_chin.dms_sfcconcentration.x360_y181_t12.1971/ DMS Surface Concentrations]

===Terpene for Organic Aerosol Production===
Terpene emissions are from Guenther et al. [1995, JGR, 100 (D5), 8,873-8,892].<br>

* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/geia.terpene_biogenic.x144_y91_t12.1971/ Terpene Emissions for Organic Carbon Aerosol Production]

===Outgassing Volcanic SO2===
Continuously erupting volcanic emissions of SO2 are taken from Andres and Kasgnoc (1998) and is assumed to have a constant emission rate.  Sporadically erupting volcanic emissions are based on the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) database and the TOMS/OMI SO2 data.  Emission height is estimated using the volcanic eruption index (VEI) and the TOMS volcanic SO2 index (VSI) (Chin et al., 2000).<br>

* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gocart_tldiehl.so2_continuous_volcanic.x544_y361.2000/ Outgassing Volcanic SO2]

===Aircraft Fuel Consumption for SO2 Emissions===
Aircraft emissions of SO2, BC, and OC are estimated based fuel consumption data from the Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project (AEAP) for 1976, 1984, 1992, 1999, and 2015 (projected) and interpolated to 2006.<br>

* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/nasa_aeap.aircraft_fuel.eta.x360_y181_z72_t12.2007/ Aircraft Fuel Consumption (column integrated)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/nasa_aeap.aircraft_fuel.eta.x360_y181_z72_t12.2007.zonal/ Aircraft Fuel Consumption (zonal average)]

===Oxidant Fields===
All oxidant fields are from the GMI combo Aura2_nlp model simulation.<br>
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.h2o2/ H2O2 (sfc)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.zonal.h2o2/ H2O2 (zonal average)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.no3/ NO3 (sfc)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.zonal.no3/ NO3 (zonal average)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.oh/ OH (sfc)]
* [http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/arctas/gmi_oh_ch4_h2o2_no3.x144_y91_z72_t12.2006.zonal.oh/ OH (zonal average)]

== References ==